"2018 was a milestone in the technological history of the Olympic Games," Paris 2024 head of cybersecurity Franz Regul said, as reported by Le Monde.

"For many people we met, it was traumatic," he admitted.

During the Pyeongchang 2018 Opening Ceremony, many technological systems failed to work, including captions for the television broadcast signal.

The attacks were carried out using cyber malware dubbed "Olympic Destroyer."

"Among the incident response teams that will work for us, there are also veterans of 2018," Regul said.

Early drills undertaken included a "restoration exercise" of main systems known as the active directory.

"The first exercise I conducted was a restoration exercise," Regul confirmed.

A cybersecurity centre is set to be operational throughout the Games and will be administered jointly by cybersecurities and operations partner Atos and Cisco, partner for technology solutions.

Funding for security and cybersecurity has also been increased by an additional €40 million (£34 million/$42 million) in measures announced last week.

There is also due to be a threat analysis unit, responsible for identifying possible areas of risk.

This is set to work closely with the French National Information Systems Security Agency (ANSSI) and the cyber division of the gendarmerie.

These are expected to prioritise measures related to spectator safety such as the security of ticketing.

The committee is understood to be monitoring domain names and social networks on the web as part of its activities.

"The first concern is any scenario that would have consequences for the safety of people, such as the compromise of a system linked to access control," Regul added.

There is also expected to be reinforcement of technology in areas such as timing mechanisms for sports events.

"Omega has almost doubled all of its processes, so if, for example, the ‘photo finish’ system fails, there is a second ‘photo finish’ and a judge who are there to intervene," he said.

Other areas of concern include the technology around anti-doping.

"If we take the case of a country which for anti-doping commission reasons can no longer send athletes, its goal will be to ensure, for example, that the Olympics go as badly as possible," Kaspersky anti-virus expert Ivan Kwiatkowski said, as reported by Le Monde.

Official online applications used by the Organising Committee and the personal data of individuals such as journalists reporting the Games are also considered likely targets.

In 2020, six Russian intelligence officers were charged by United States federal prosecutors with unleashing the "Olympic Destroyer" at Pyeongchang 2018 although their cases have never been brought to court.

Before the Tokyo 2020 Olympics, a number of threats to the Organising Committee's online systems were also identified.