Kaczkowska, still aged only 20, had qualified in first place and finished in front of Annemiek van Vleuten, the individual time trial world champion of The Netherlands, with Italian Elisa Balsamo beaten into third at the BGZ Arena.

Australian Matthew Glaetzer, from Adelaide, won the men's sprint final against Poland's Matteus Rudyk.

Germany's Kristina Vogel helped her country lift the women's team sprint title after a thrilling final against The Netherlands. 

Earlier, Russia defeated Lithuania for the bronze medal.

Later in the evening, Vogel claimed a second gold, lifting the keirin title over Russia's Daria Shmeleva and Stephanie Morton of Australia, who took bronze.

Belgium raced to victory in the women's madison, with Great Britain taking silver and Italy bronze.

Belgian world champions Jolien D’Hoore and Lotte Kopecky proved too strong for the rest of the field and took the gold with 29 points. 

Britain's Elinor Barker and Emily Nelson - who also won silver at the World Championships in Hong Kong earlier in the year - claimed the silver with 23 points.

Britain’s only chance of gold was to win the final double points sprint - which they did - and to hope that Belgium wouldn’t take any points, but D’Hoore and Kopecky were on Barker and Nelson’s tail to take second place in the sprint and secure the win.

Bronze went to Italy’s Maria Confalonieri and Elisa Balsamo with 13 points.

Denmark’s Niklas Larsen dominated the omnium as he lapped the field three times on his way to a sensational victory on 191 points. 

Silver went to Szymon Sajnok of Poland on 149 points with Switzerland’s Clauido Imhof getting bronze two points behind.

Italy took gold in the men's team pursuit, winning a thrilling final against Germany who claimed silver, with Russia taking the bronze.

The Italians and Germans were dead level at 1,250 metres before the men in blue squeezed home.